C Array

Array: Array is one kind of variable declaration of same types of data with a name and identify them one from another followed by subscripts or index.
Example: int arr[10];
Hence int is data type.arr is array name.arr[10] means we can keep ten integer type value in arr[10];
        
The declaration int arr[10]; would reserve enough space for an array called arr that could hold up to 10   integers. The picture given below  clear to concept about the Array reserved storage space. 

arr[0]
arr[1]
arr[2]
arr[3]
arr[4]
arr[5]
arr[6]
arr[7]
arr[8]
arr[9]

Note: Array index range from 0 to n-1.Here index of arr[10] is start from arr[0] and end at arr[9]

Array Declaration:

data_type variable_name[size];
Example:int month[12];
                float number[10];
                char name[10];


Array Representation:

  Shown below some example of array defination for assignment of initial values:
  int digit[10] ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
  float f[10]={0.3,0,0.25}
 For example, i want to represent five integer number in an array,say(10,20,30,40,50) by an array variable name number,then declaration of array variable number as followes:
int number[5] ;
The values to the array elements can be assigned as follows:

number[0]=10;

number[1]=20;

number[2]=30;

number[3]=40;

number[4]=50;

For this case the array number stored valued as shown below:

number[0]	10
number [1]	20
number [2]	30
number [3]	40
number [4]	50

  
  Also consider the following array definition:
   int number[5]={1,5,8};
 
The values to the array elements can be assigned as follows:

number[0]=1;

number[1]=5;

number[2]=8;

number[3]=0;

number[4]=0;

Note:character  type array use last index for null('\0') .
char name[6]={"hasan"};
the array elements are stored as follows:

name[0]='h';

name[1]='a';

name[2]='s';

name[3]='a';

name[4]=n'';

name[5]='\0';                                                                                                           

Difference between array variable and ordinary variable: In an ordinary variable we can assign same types of only one value, but in an array variable we can assign same types of more then one values. For example: int number;                         number=5; In this number variable we can take only one integer value. For  an array variable we can assign more then one same types of values.Shown in below:                         int number[5];                         number[0]=10;                         number[1]=20;                         number[2]=30;                         number[3]=40;                         number[4]=50;

Taking input throw keyboard and output with a C program:

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() {     clrscr();     int number[5],i;     printf("Take five integer value throuh keyboard:\n\n");     for(i=0;i<5;i++)     {         printf("number[%d]=",i+1);         scanf("%d",&number[i]);     }     printf("\n\nDisplay the array\n\n");         for(i=0;i<5;i++)     {         printf("number[%d]=%d\n",i+1,number[i]);     }     getch(); }